Product Description
Product Description
A trailer axle is an essential component that connects the trailer wheels to the vehicle’s chassis. The axle’s primary function is to transfer the load from the trailer to the wheels and ultimately to the road surface.
Axles are designed with specific load capacity and are selected based on the weight of the trailer and the expected load. There are different types of axles available, including single, tandem, and tri-axle configurations, with each designed to support a varying amount of weight.
Axle alignment is critical to ensure proper handling and safe operation of the trailer. Factors such as suspension type, brake configuration, and tire size must also be considered when selecting and configuring the trailer axle.
Proper maintenance of the axle, including lubrication, inspection, and alignment checks, is crucial to ensure safe and reliable operation of the trailer.
| Axle Type | L4 | Wheer Fixing | Bearing | ||||||||||
| Max | L2 | L3 | GM Center | Studs | L1 | Rimis | Axle | ||||||
| Capacity | Track | Brake Size | Center | Axle Tube | Distance | D1 | D2 | Total | Recommended | Weight | |||
| (T) | (mm) | (mm) | Distance of | (mm) | of Brake | P.C.D. | Hole | Length | to use | (kg) | |||
| Spring Seat | Chamber | (mm) | Diameter | (mm) | |||||||||
| (mm) | (mm) | (mm) | |||||||||||
| CK12FB03G1DE | 12 | 1840 | ∈420×180 | ≥940 | 150x150x12 | 440 | 10-M22x1.5 | 335 | 281 | 2172 | 7.5V-20 | 380 | (Ouer)33213(lnner)33118 |
| CK13FB03G2DE | 13 | 1840 | ∈420×200 | ≥940 | 150x150x12 | 375 | 10-M22x1.5 | 335 | 281 | 2170 | 7.5V-20 | 381 | |
| CK14FB03G2FG | 14 | 1860 | ∈420×200 | ≥950 | 150x150x14 | 380 | 10-M22x1.5 | 335 | 281 | 2222 | 8.00V-20 | 412 | (Outer)33215 dnneri32219 |
| CK16FB0GG2HI | 16 | 1860 | ∈420×200 | ≥950 | 150x150x16 | 380 | 10-M22x1.5 | 335 | 281 | 2293 | 8.50V-20 | 439 | (Outer)32314(lnner)32222 |
| CK18FBC3GHI | 18 | 1860 | ∈420×220 | ≥950 | 150x150x18 | 380 | 10-M22x1.5 | 335 | 281 | 2293 | 8.50V-20 | 454 | (Outer)32314(lnner)32222 |
Detailed Photos
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Company Profile
Nanou Company Co., Ltd. is a special trailer manufacturer located in Quanpu Industrial Park, Xihu (West Lake) Dis., ZheJiang Province.
The company is located in the famous Water Marginh hometown, east of ZheJiang -HangZhou Grand Canal, west of ZheJiang -Kowloon Railway, south of HangZhou, the hometown of peony, north of Yellow River, near the exit of National Highway 220 Jinhe Expressway, with convenient transportation and pleasant scenery.
We are the full-size Modified Truck enterprise which integrates the design of product, scientific research developing, production and sale together, possessing subsidiary companies of automobile production, automobile trade and automobile fittings production, etc. Our leading products include “Nanou” brand semi-trailers, tipper, fuel tanker, particle material tanker, bulk cement tanker, concrete mixer truck, wrecker trucks, LNG, CNG, and other special vehicles.
We strictly adhere to the service idea of customer centricity and customer satisfaction, so as to provide customers with better and faster CZPT service.
Over the years, we have always adhered to the business strategy of “innovation, development” and the concept of “quality is the life of the enterprise, talent is the foundation of the enterprise, customer is the god of the enterprise, management is the soul of the enterprise”.
Now, Nanou trailers are widely exported to most Africa market (such as Algeria, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan, Malawi, Tanzania, Cameroon, Ghana, Qatar)and Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, Pakistan, Russia, and Central& South America market.
If you are interested in any of our products or would like to discuss a custom order, please feel free to contact us.
We are looking forward to forming successful business relationships with new clients around the world in the near future.
Packaging & Shipping
FAQ
A. What are our advantages compared with other manufacturers
- Competive Price – We work as the leading dealers of various leading China Semi Trailers manufacturers/factories.From numerous comparison and feedback from clients, our price is more competitive than manufacturers/factories.
- Quick Response – Our team is consisted of a group of diligent and enterprising people, working 24/7 to respond client inquiries and questions all the time. Most problems can be solved within 12 hours.
- Fast Delivery – Normally it will take more than 25-45 days for manufacturers/ factories to produce the ordered trailers, while we have a variety of resources, locally and nation widely, to receive trailers in timely manner. In 80% circumstance, we can have a 15-20 days delivery of regular trailers for our clients.
- High Quality – Every process of choose material ,welding ,sand blasting,painting with detailed inspection,accept 100% inspection during production and after production.
B. Which payment terms can we accept?
- Normally we can work on T/T term or L/C term.
- On T/T term, 30% down payment is required in advance, 70% balance shall be settled before delivery, or against the copy of original B/L for regular client.
- On L/C term, normally need 30% down payment by T/T, 70% by L/C at sight. a 100% irrevocable L/C without “soft clauses” can be accepted sometimes. Please seek the advice from the individual sales manager whom you work with.
C. How long will our price be valid?
- Price with long valid time — We are a tender and friendly supplier, never greedy on windfall profit. Basically, our price remains stable through the year. We only adjust our price based on 2 situations: The rate of USD:RMB varies significantly according to the international currency exchange rates. Manufacturers/factories adjusted the trailer price, because of the increasing labor cost and raw material cost.
D. What logistics ways we can work for shipment?
- We can ship all trailer by various transportation tools.
- For 90% of our shipment, we will go by sea, to all main continents such as South America, Middle East, Africa, Oceania etc, either by container or RoRo/Bulk Shipment.
- For neighborhood countries of China, such as Russia, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan,Mongolia etc, we can ship trucks by road or railway.
- For light spare parts in urgent demand, we can ship it by international courier service, such as DHL, TNT, UPS, or Fedex.
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| After-sales Service: | 24h Online |
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| Warranty: | 1~2 Years |
| Type: | Axle |
| Samples: |
US$ 500/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | Order Sample |
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| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
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.shipping-cost-tm .tm-status-off{background: none;padding:0;color: #1470cc}
| Shipping Cost:
Estimated freight per unit. |
about shipping cost and estimated delivery time. |
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| Payment Method: |
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Initial Payment Full Payment |
| Currency: | US$ |
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| Return&refunds: | You can apply for a refund up to 30 days after receipt of the products. |
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What are the safety considerations when working with axles, especially during repairs?
Working with axles, especially during repairs, requires careful attention to safety to prevent accidents and injuries. Here are some important safety considerations to keep in mind when working with axles:
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, gloves, and steel-toed boots. PPE helps protect against potential hazards such as flying debris, sharp edges, and accidental contact with heavy components.
2. Vehicle Stability:
Ensure that the vehicle is on a stable and level surface before working on the axles. Engage the parking brake and use wheel chocks to prevent unintended vehicle movement. The stability of the vehicle is crucial to maintain a safe working environment.
3. Lifting and Support:
Use proper lifting equipment, such as hydraulic jacks or vehicle lifts, to raise the vehicle safely. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for lifting points and weight capacities. Once the vehicle is lifted, support it securely with jack stands or other appropriate supports to prevent it from falling or shifting during repairs.
4. Lockout/Tagout:
If the repair work involves disconnecting or removing any electrical or mechanical components that could cause the axle or wheels to move, follow lockout/tagout procedures. This involves locking and tagging out the power source, so it cannot be accidentally energized while work is being performed.
5. Proper Tools and Equipment:
Use the correct tools and equipment for the job. Using improper tools or makeshift methods can lead to accidents and damage to the axle or surrounding components. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and recommended procedures for disassembling, repairing, and reassembling the axle.
6. Proper Torque and Tightening:
When reassembling the axle components, use a torque wrench to ensure that fasteners are tightened to the manufacturer’s specifications. Over-tightening or under-tightening can lead to component failure or damage. Follow the recommended torque values provided by the vehicle manufacturer.
7. Safe Handling of Heavy Components:
Axle components can be heavy and cumbersome. Use appropriate lifting techniques and equipment, such as hoists or lifting straps, to safely handle heavy axle parts. Avoid lifting heavy components alone whenever possible and ask for assistance when needed.
8. Proper Disposal of Fluids and Waste:
If the repair involves draining fluids from the axle, such as differential oil, ensure proper disposal according to local regulations. Use appropriate containers to collect and store fluids and dispose of them at authorized collection points.
9. Training and Experience:
Working with axles requires knowledge and experience. If you are unfamiliar with axle repairs, consider seeking assistance from a qualified mechanic or technician who has the necessary training and expertise. If you decide to perform the repairs yourself, ensure that you have the appropriate knowledge and skills to carry out the task safely.
By following these safety considerations, you can help minimize the risk of accidents, injuries, and damage when working with axles, ensuring a safe working environment for yourself and others involved in the repair process.
How do axle ratios impact the performance and fuel efficiency of a vehicle?
The axle ratio of a vehicle plays a crucial role in determining its performance characteristics and fuel efficiency. Here’s a detailed explanation of how axle ratios impact these aspects:
Performance:
The axle ratio refers to the ratio of the number of rotations the driveshaft makes to the number of rotations the axle makes. A lower axle ratio, such as 3.23:1, means the driveshaft rotates 3.23 times for every rotation of the axle, while a higher ratio, like 4.10:1, indicates more driveshaft rotations per axle rotation.
A lower axle ratio, also known as a numerically higher ratio, provides better low-end torque and acceleration. This is because the engine’s power is multiplied as it goes through the gears, resulting in quicker acceleration from a standstill or at lower speeds. Vehicles with lower axle ratios are commonly found in trucks and performance-oriented vehicles where quick acceleration and towing capacity are desired.
On the other hand, a higher axle ratio, or numerically lower ratio, sacrifices some of the low-end torque for higher top-end speed and fuel efficiency. Vehicles with higher axle ratios are typically used in highway driving scenarios where maintaining higher speeds and maximizing fuel efficiency are prioritized.
Fuel Efficiency:
The axle ratio directly affects the engine’s RPM (revolutions per minute) at a given vehicle speed. A lower axle ratio keeps the engine running at higher RPMs, which may result in increased fuel consumption. However, this ratio can provide better towing capabilities and improved off-the-line acceleration.
In contrast, a higher axle ratio allows the engine to operate at lower RPMs during cruising speeds. This can lead to improved fuel efficiency because the engine doesn’t have to work as hard to maintain the desired speed. It’s worth noting that other factors, such as engine efficiency, aerodynamics, and vehicle weight, also influence fuel efficiency.
Manufacturers carefully select the axle ratio based on the vehicle’s intended purpose and desired performance characteristics. Some vehicles may offer multiple axle ratio options to cater to different driving preferences and requirements.
It’s important to consider that changing the axle ratio can have implications on the overall drivetrain system. Modifying the axle ratio can affect the vehicle’s speedometer accuracy, transmission shifting points, and may require recalibration of the engine control unit (ECU) to maintain optimal performance.
As always, for precise information on a specific vehicle’s axle ratio and its impact on performance and fuel efficiency, it is best to consult the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications or consult with automotive experts.
What are the signs of a worn or failing axle, and how can I troubleshoot axle issues?
Identifying the signs of a worn or failing axle is important for maintaining the safety and functionality of your vehicle. Here are some common signs to look out for and troubleshooting steps you can take to diagnose potential axle issues:
- Unusual Noises:
- Vibrations:
- Uneven Tire Wear:
- Difficulty Steering:
- Visible Damage or Leaks:
- Professional Inspection:
If you hear clunking, clicking, or grinding noises coming from the area around the wheels, it could indicate a problem with the axle. These noises may occur during acceleration, deceleration, or when turning. Troubleshoot by listening carefully to the location and timing of the noises to help pinpoint the affected axle.
A worn or failing axle can cause vibrations that can be felt through the steering wheel, floorboard, or seat. These vibrations may occur at certain speeds or during specific driving conditions. If you experience unusual vibrations, it’s important to investigate the cause, as it could be related to axle problems.
Inspect your tires for uneven wear patterns. Excessive wear on the inner or outer edges of the tires can be an indication of axle issues. Misaligned or damaged axles can cause the tires to tilt, leading to uneven tire wear. Regularly check your tires for signs of wear and take note of any abnormalities.
A worn or damaged axle can affect steering performance. If you experience difficulty in steering, such as stiffness, looseness, or a feeling of the vehicle pulling to one side, it may be due to axle problems. Pay attention to any changes in steering responsiveness and address them promptly.
Inspect the axles visually for any signs of damage or leaks. Look for cracks, bends, or visible fluid leaks around the axle boots or seals. Damaged or leaking axles can lead to lubrication loss and accelerated wear. If you notice any visible issues, it’s important to have them inspected and repaired by a qualified mechanic.
If you suspect axle issues but are unsure about the exact cause, it’s advisable to seek a professional inspection. A qualified mechanic can perform a thorough examination of the axles, suspension components, and related systems. They have the expertise and tools to diagnose axle problems accurately and recommend the appropriate repairs.
It’s important to note that troubleshooting axle issues can sometimes be challenging, as symptoms may overlap with other mechanical problems. If you’re uncertain about diagnosing or repairing axle issues on your own, it’s recommended to consult a professional mechanic. They can provide a proper diagnosis, ensure the correct repairs are performed, and help maintain the safety and performance of your vehicle.
editor by CX 2024-04-02
China Standard Factory Price Used 3 4 Axle with Draw Bar Farm Tractor Full Trailer Dump Tipper Truck Semi Trailer with Best Sales
Product Description
Service
Pre-sales service
1, 24 hours online .Your inquiry will be quick reply by email .
Also can go through all questions with you by any online chatting tools
2,Professionally and patiently introduction,details pictures and working video to show machine .
3,Visting our factory.
Service on sales
1,Test every machine and inspect the machine seriously .
2,Send the machine picture which you order , then packing it with standard export package after you confirm the machine is ok .
3,Delivery:If ship by sea .after delivery to seaport .Will tell you the shipping time and arrival time . Finally, send all original documents to you by Express. We will tell you the tracking number after we post the documents.
After-sales service
1, 24 hours online to solve any problem . Supply you English manual book and technical support , maintain and install video to help you solve the problem, or dispatch worker to your factory.
2 Training how to install the machine, training how to use, maintain and repair the machine.
FAQ
1,What is the voltage/phase for this machine ?
220V 50Hz/single phase ,380V 50Hz/three phase .We also could produce according to customer’s requirement.
2.What is your terms of payment?
T/T 30% as deposit, and 70% before delivery. We will show you the photos of the products and packages before you pay the balance.
3.What your terms of delivery?
EXW,FOB,CFR,CIF,DAF.
4.How about your delivery time?
Generally, it will take about 13 days after receipt of deposit payment. The specific delivery time depends on the items and the quantity of your order.
5 ,What’s your MOQ?
1 set
6, How should I do if meet some trouble while using?
We can supply English manual book and also take a video for showing how to resolve the problems
or dispatch our worker to your factory.
The Functions of Splined Shaft Bearings
Splined shafts are the most common types of bearings for machine tools. They are made of a wide variety of materials, including metals and non-metals such as Delrin and nylon. They are often fabricated to reduce deflection. The tooth profile will become deformed with time, as the shaft is used over a long period of time. Splined shafts are available in a huge range of materials and lengths.
Functions
Splined shafts are used in a variety of applications and industries. They are an effective anti-rotational device, as well as a reliable means of transmitting torque. Other types of shafts are available, including key shafts, but splines are the most convenient for transmitting torque. The following article discusses the functions of splines and why they are a superior choice. Listed below are a few examples of applications and industries in which splines are used.
Splined shafts can be of several styles, depending on the application and mechanical system in question. The differences between splined shaft styles include the design of teeth, overall strength, transfer of rotational concentricity, sliding ability, and misalignment tolerance. Listed below are a few examples of splines, as well as some of their benefits. The difference between these styles is not mutually exclusive; instead, each style has a distinct set of pros and cons.
A splined shaft is a cylindrical shaft with teeth or ridges that correspond to a specific angular position. This allows a shaft to transfer torque while maintaining angular correspondence between tracks. A splined shaft is defined as a cylindrical member with several grooves cut into its circumference. These grooves are equally spaced around the shaft and form a series of projecting keys. These features give the shaft a rounded appearance and allow it to fit perfectly into a grooved cylindrical member.
While the most common applications of splines are for shortening or extending shafts, they can also be used to secure mechanical assemblies. An “involute spline” spline has a groove that is wider than its counterparts. The result is that a splined shaft will resist separation during operation. They are an ideal choice for applications where deflection is an issue.
A spline shaft’s radial torsion load distribution is equally distributed, unless a bevel gear is used. The radial torsion load is evenly distributed and will not exert significant load concentration. If the spline couplings are not aligned correctly, the spline connection can fail quickly, causing significant fretting fatigue and wear. A couple of papers discuss this issue in more detail.
Types
There are many different types of splined shafts. Each type features an evenly spaced helix of grooves on its outer surface. These grooves are either parallel or involute. Their shape allows them to be paired with gears and interchange rotary and linear motion. Splines are often cold-rolled or cut. The latter has increased strength compared to cut spines. These types of shafts are commonly used in applications requiring high strength, accuracy, and smoothness.
Another difference between internal and external splined shafts lies in the manufacturing process. The former is made of wood, while the latter is made of steel or a metal alloy. The process of manufacturing splined shafts involves cutting furrows into the surface of the material. Both processes are expensive and require expert skill. The main advantage of splined shafts is their adaptability to a wide range of applications.
In general, splined shafts are used in machinery where the rotation is transferred to an internal splined member. This member can be a gear or some other rotary device. These types of shafts are often packaged together as a hub assembly. Cleaning and lubricating are essential to the life of these components. If you’re using them on a daily basis, you’ll want to make sure to regularly inspect them.
Crowned splines are usually involute. The teeth of these splines form a spiral pattern. They are used for smaller diameter shafts because they add strength. Involute splines are also used on instrument drives and valve shafts. Serration standards are found in the SAE. Both kinds of splines can also contain a ball bearing for high torque. The difference between the 2 types of splines is the number of teeth on the shaft.
Internal splines have many advantages over external ones. For example, an internal spline shaft can be made using a grinding wheel instead of a CNC machine. It also uses a more accurate and economical process. Furthermore, it allows for a shorter manufacturing cycle, which is essential when splining high-speed machines. In addition, it stabilizes the relative phase between the spline and thread.
Manufacturing methods
There are several methods used to fabricate a splined shaft. Key and splined shafts are constructed from 2 separate parts that are shaped in a synchronized manner to transfer torque uniformly. Hot rolling is 1 method, while cold rolling utilizes low temperatures to form metal. Both methods enhance mechanical properties, surface finishes, and precision. The advantage of cold rolling is its cost-effectiveness.
Cold forming is 1 method, as well as machining and assembling. Cold forming is a unique process that allows the spline to be shaped to the desired shape. The resulting shape provides maximum contact area and torsional strength. Standard splines are available in standard sizes, but custom lengths can also be ordered. CZPT offers various auxiliary equipment, such as mating sleeves and flanged bushings.
Cold forging is another method. This method produces long splined shafts that are used in automobile propellers. After the spline portion is cut out, it is worked on in a hobbing machine. Work hardening enhances the root strength of the splined portion. It can be used for bearings, gears, and other mechanical components. Listed below are the manufacturing methods for splined shafts.
Parallel splines are the simplest of the splined shaft manufacturing methods. Parallel splines are usually welded to shafts, while involute splines are made of metal or non-metals. Splines are available in a wide variety of lengths and materials. The process is usually accompanied by a process called milling. The workpiece rotates to produce the serrated surface.
Splines are internal or external grooves in a splined shaft. They work in combination with keyways to transfer torque. Male and female splines are used in gears. Female and male splines correspond to 1 another to ensure proper angular correspondence. Involute splines have more surface area and thus are stronger than external splines. Moreover, they help the shaft fit into a grooved cylindrical member without misalignment.
A variety of other methods of manufacturing a splined shaft can be used to produce a splined shaft. Spline shafts can be produced using broaching and shaping, 2 precision machining methods. Broaching uses a metal tool with successively larger teeth to remove metal and create ridges and holes in the surface of a material. However, this process is expensive and requires special expertise.
Applications
The splined shaft is a mechanical component with a helix-like shape formed by the equal spacing of grooves in a circular ring. The splines can either have parallel or involute sides. The splines minimize stress concentration in stationary joints and can be used in both rotary and linear motion. In some cases, splines are rolled rather than cut. The latter is more durable than cut splines and is often used in applications requiring high strength, accuracy, and smooth finish.
Splined shafts are commonly made of carbon steel. This alloy steel has a low carbon content, making it easy to work with. Carbon steel is a great choice for splines because it is malleable. Generally, high-quality carbon steel provides a consistent motion. Steel alloys are also available that contain nickel, chromium, copper, and other metals. If you’re unsure of the right material for your application, you can consult a spline chart.
Splines are a versatile mechanical component. They are easy to cut and fit. Splines can be internal or external, with teeth positioned at equal intervals on both sides of the shaft. This allows the shaft to engage with the hub around the entire circumference of the hub. It also increases load capacity by creating a constant multiple-tooth point of contact with the hub. For this reason, they’re used extensively in rotary and linear motion.
Splined shafts are used in a wide variety of industries. CZPT Inc. offers custom and standard splined shafts for a variety of applications. When choosing a splined shaft for a specific application, consider the surrounding mated components, torque requirements, and size requirements. These 3 factors will make it the ideal choice for your rotary equipment. And you’ll be pleased with the end result!
There are many types of splines and their applications are endless. They transfer torque and angular misalignment between parts, and they also enable the axial rotation of assembled components. Therefore, splines are an essential component of machinery and are used in a wide range of applications. This type of shaft can be found in various types of machines, from household appliances to industrial machinery. So, the next time you’re looking for a splined shaft, make sure you look for a splined one.
China best 13t 16 Ton CZPT Type Axle Hydraulic Tractor Torsion Semi Trailer Axle with Good quality
Product Description
Product Parameters
1) 6″ Square Axle – 12mm, 14mm wall thickness.
2) Twin tyre steel wheel fixings are standard. ISO single wheel and twin tyre aluminum wheel fixings are also available.
3) Standard track length – 1840mm, other track lengths are also available.
4) All axles include standard manual slack adjuster, auto slack adjuster is optional.
5) Bearing size/type : 13 Tons Inner-HM518445/10 Outer-HM518445/10
16 Tons Inner HM220149/10 Outer- HM518445/10
6) All Axles are available with ABS ready Kits (Optional)
Detailed Photos
Company Profile
We are a group of professionals with decades of experience in the industry. We pooled our talents and knowledge together to form this manufacturing company to bring our experience to supply quality product to the market at competitive prices.
We have a strong technical team, with many years of practical experience and strong R&D team to bring unique designs and improvements to the market. We also supply customised solutions to suit niche markets.
We are internationally certified in our operations.
We have partnered with market leaders in supplying components since 2013.
We always believe in supporting our customers and have established regional after sales support channels
FAQ
1.Q: Are you a manufacturer?
A: Yes, we are a manufacturer located in ZheJiang province which in the manufacturing center of construction machinery. We have passed ISO and CE certificate and our products have been exported to over 20 countries.
2.Q: Why choose us?
A:With our 2 factories and more than 100 workers, we only produce very high quality products.2 Years warranty and only 1% repair rate during the past 10 years, which is cost effective and win good reputation.
3.Q: Can you produce customizable machines?
A: Yes, we can provide customizable machines according to your requirements. We have 8 senior engineers and can design and supply higher configuration.
4.Q: How about your After-sales service?
A: We have 3 after sales, and can provide 24-hour technical support by phone and email.
5.Q: What is your lead time?
A: Normal goods usually take 7-10 days, and customization takes 15-25 days
6.Q: Is it convenient to visit your factory? How to go there?
A: Warmly welcome to visit our factory. When you arrive, we will pick you up.
Analytical Approaches to Estimating Contact Pressures in Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a type of mechanical connection between 2 rotating shafts. It consists of 2 parts – a coupler and a coupling. Both parts have teeth which engage and transfer loads. However, spline couplings are typically over-dimensioned, which makes them susceptible to fatigue and static behavior. Wear phenomena can also cause the coupling to fail. For this reason, proper spline coupling design is essential for achieving optimum performance.
Modeling a spline coupling
Spline couplings are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace industry, but they operate in a slightly misaligned state, causing both vibrations and damage to the contact surfaces. To solve this problem, this article offers analytical approaches for estimating the contact pressures in a spline coupling. Specifically, this article compares analytical approaches with pure numerical approaches to demonstrate the benefits of an analytical approach.
To model a spline coupling, first you create the knowledge base for the spline coupling. The knowledge base includes a large number of possible specification values, which are related to each other. If you modify 1 specification, it may lead to a warning for violating another. To make the design valid, you must create a spline coupling model that meets the specified specification values.
After you have modeled the geometry, you must enter the contact pressures of the 2 spline couplings. Then, you need to determine the position of the pitch circle of the spline. In Figure 2, the centre of the male coupling is superposed to that of the female spline. Then, you need to make sure that the alignment meshing distance of the 2 splines is the same.
Once you have the data you need to create a spline coupling model, you can begin by entering the specifications for the interface design. Once you have this data, you need to choose whether to optimize the internal spline or the external spline. You’ll also need to specify the tooth friction coefficient, which is used to determine the stresses in the spline coupling model 20. You should also enter the pilot clearance, which is the clearance between the tip 186 of a tooth 32 on 1 spline and the feature on the mating spline.
After you have entered the desired specifications for the external spline, you can enter the parameters for the internal spline. For example, you can enter the outer diameter limit 154 of the major snap 54 and the minor snap 56 of the internal spline. The values of these parameters are displayed in color-coded boxes on the Spline Inputs and Configuration GUI screen 80. Once the parameters are entered, you’ll be presented with a geometric representation of the spline coupling model 20.
Creating a spline coupling model 20
The spline coupling model 20 is created by a product model software program 10. The software validates the spline coupling model against a knowledge base of configuration-dependent specification constraints and relationships. This report is then input to the ANSYS stress analyzer program. It lists the spline coupling model 20’s geometric configurations and specification values for each feature. The spline coupling model 20 is automatically recreated every time the configuration or performance specifications of the spline coupling model 20 are modified.
The spline coupling model 20 can be configured using the product model software program 10. A user specifies the axial length of the spline stack, which may be zero, or a fixed length. The user also enters a radial mating face 148, if any, and selects a pilot clearance specification value of 14.5 degrees or 30 degrees.
A user can then use the mouse 110 to modify the spline coupling model 20. The spline coupling knowledge base contains a large number of possible specification values and the spline coupling design rule. If the user tries to change a spline coupling model, the model will show a warning about a violation of another specification. In some cases, the modification may invalidate the design.
In the spline coupling model 20, the user enters additional performance requirement specifications. The user chooses the locations where maximum torque is transferred for the internal and external splines 38 and 40. The maximum torque transfer location is determined by the attachment configuration of the hardware to the shafts. Once this is selected, the user can click “Next” to save the model. A preview of the spline coupling model 20 is displayed.
The model 20 is a representation of a spline coupling. The spline specifications are entered in the order and arrangement as specified on the spline coupling model 20 GUI screen. Once the spline coupling specifications are entered, the product model software program 10 will incorporate them into the spline coupling model 20. This is the last step in spline coupling model creation.
Analysing a spline coupling model 20
An analysis of a spline coupling model consists of inputting its configuration and performance specifications. These specifications may be generated from another computer program. The product model software program 10 then uses its internal knowledge base of configuration dependent specification relationships and constraints to create a valid three-dimensional parametric model 20. This model contains information describing the number and types of spline teeth 32, snaps 34, and shoulder 36.
When you are analysing a spline coupling, the software program 10 will include default values for various specifications. The spline coupling model 20 comprises an internal spline 38 and an external spline 40. Each of the splines includes its own set of parameters, such as its depth, width, length, and radii. The external spline 40 will also contain its own set of parameters, such as its orientation.
Upon selecting these parameters, the software program will perform various analyses on the spline coupling model 20. The software program 10 calculates the nominal and maximal tooth bearing stresses and fatigue life of a spline coupling. It will also determine the difference in torsional windup between an internal and an external spline. The output file from the analysis will be a report file containing model configuration and specification data. The output file may also be used by other computer programs for further analysis.
Once these parameters are set, the user enters the design criteria for the spline coupling model 20. In this step, the user specifies the locations of maximum torque transfer for both the external and internal spline 38. The maximum torque transfer location depends on the configuration of the hardware attached to the shafts. The user may enter up to 4 different performance requirement specifications for each spline.
The results of the analysis show that there are 2 phases of spline coupling. The first phase shows a large increase in stress and vibration. The second phase shows a decline in both stress and vibration levels. The third stage shows a constant meshing force between 300N and 320N. This behavior continues for a longer period of time, until the final stage engages with the surface.
Misalignment of a spline coupling
A study aimed to investigate the position of the resultant contact force in a spline coupling engaging teeth under a steady torque and rotating misalignment. The study used numerical methods based on Finite Element Method (FEM) models. It produced numerical results for nominal conditions and parallel offset misalignment. The study considered 2 levels of misalignment – 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm – with different loading levels.
The results showed that the misalignment between the splines and rotors causes a change in the meshing force of the spline-rotor coupling system. Its dynamics is governed by the meshing force of splines. The meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling is related to the rotor-spline coupling system parameters, the transmitting torque, and the dynamic vibration displacement.
Despite the lack of precise measurements, the misalignment of splines is a common problem. This problem is compounded by the fact that splines usually feature backlash. This backlash is the result of the misaligned spline. The authors analyzed several splines, varying pitch diameters, and length/diameter ratios.
A spline coupling is a two-dimensional mechanical system, which has positive backlash. The spline coupling is comprised of a hub and shaft, and has tip-to-root clearances that are larger than the backlash. A form-clearance is sufficient to prevent tip-to-root fillet contact. The torque on the splines is transmitted via friction.
When a spline coupling is misaligned, a torque-biased thrust force is generated. In such a situation, the force can exceed the torque, causing the component to lose its alignment. The two-way transmission of torque and thrust is modeled analytically in the present study. The analytical approach provides solutions that can be integrated into the design process. So, the next time you are faced with a misaligned spline coupling problem, make sure to use an analytical approach!
In this study, the spline coupling is analyzed under nominal conditions without a parallel offset misalignment. The stiffness values obtained are the percentage difference between the nominal pitch diameter and load application diameter. Moreover, the maximum percentage difference in the measured pitch diameter is 1.60% under a torque of 5000 N*m. The other parameter, the pitch angle, is taken into consideration in the calculation.
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Product Description
| 1 | Spindle Nut | 19 | Roller Holder | 37 | Flat Cushion 1 | ||
| 2 | Check Washer1 | 20 | Roller | 38 | Small Oil Seal | ||
| 3 | Check Washer2 | 21 | Brake Shoe | 39 | Bi-metal Bush | ||
| 4 | Spindle Nut | 22 | Brake Lining | 40 | Flat Cushion 2 | ||
| 5 | Brake Drum | 23 | Rivet | 41 | A Check Ring | ||
| 6 | Bearing | 24 | Spring Hook Pin | 42 | Spherical Bearing Seat 2 | ||
| 7 | Wheel Nut | 25 | Dust Cover | 43 | O Seal Ring | ||
| 8 | Hub | 26 | Spring Ring | 44 | Oil Nipple | ||
| 9 | Wheel Bolt | 27 | Hex Bolt | 45 | Spherical Bearing | ||
| 10 | ABS Ring | 28 | Brake Chamber Bracket | 46 | Hex Nut | ||
| 11 | Oil Seal | 29 | Axle Beam | 47 | Spring Ring | ||
| 12 | Shaft End Cover | 30 | Sensor Head | 48 | Hex Bolt | ||
| 13 | Hub Cap | 31 | Bush | 49 | Spherical Bearing Seat 1 | ||
| 14 | Supporting Pin | 32 | Retun Spring | 50 | Automatic Slack Adjuster | ||
| 15 | Supporting Pin Bush | 33 | Tension Spring | 51 | Flat Ring | ||
| 16 | ABS Sensor Bracket | 34 | Oil Nipple | 52 | A check Ring | ||
| 17 | Protecting Cushion | 35 | Spherical Bearing Support | 53 | S-camshaft | ||
| 18 | Spider | 36 | Slack Adjuster Spring |
| Recommended Spring Seat | ||||||||||||
| FB(mm) | C/D/∅(mm) | |||||||||||
| 75 | 1/10 | |||||||||||
| ZJ14AID | 14,/10 | |||||||||||
| ZJ15AID | 15,/10 | |||||||||||
| ZJ16AID | 16,/10 | |||||||||||
| ZJ20AID | 20,000 | 420×220 | 1850 | ≤455 | 150X18 | 350 | 10-M22x1.5 ISO | 335 | 280 | 2268 | 435 | 518445/10 32222 |
When your axle needs to be replaced
If you’re wondering when your axle needs to be replaced, you should be aware of these signs first. A damaged axle is usually a sign that your car is out of balance. To tell if the axle needs to be replaced, listen for the strange noise the wheels make as they move. A rhythmic popping sound when you hit bumps or turns indicates that your axle needs to be replaced. If this sounds familiar, you should visit a mechanic.
Symptoms of a broken shaft
You may notice a clicking or clanking sound from the rear of the vehicle. The vibrations you feel while driving may also indicate damaged axles. In severe cases, your car may lose control, resulting in a crash. If you experience these symptoms, it’s time to visit your auto repair shop. For just a few hundred dollars, you can get your car back on the road, and you don’t have to worry about driving.
Often, damaged axles can be caused by a variety of causes, including poor shock or load bearing bearings. Other causes of axle problems can be an overloaded vehicle, potholes, or a car accident. A bad axle can also cause vibrations and power transmission failures while driving. A damaged axle can also be the result of hitting a curb or pothole. When shaft damage is the cause of these symptoms, it must be repaired immediately.
If your car’s front axle is bent, you may need to replace them at the same time. In this case, you need to remove all tires from the car, separate the driveshaft from the transmission, and remove the axle. Be sure to double check the alignment to make sure everything is ok. Your insurance may cover the cost of repairs, but you may need to pay a deductible before getting coverage.
Axle damage is a common cause of vehicle instability. Axles are key components of a car that transmit power from the engine to the wheels. If it breaks, your vehicle will not be able to drive without a working axle. Symptoms of damaged axles can include high-speed vibrations or crashes that can shake the entire car. When it breaks down, your vehicle won’t be able to carry the weight of your vehicle, so it’s important to get your car repaired as soon as possible.
When your axle is damaged, the wheels will not turn properly, causing the vehicle to crash. When your car has these problems, the brakes won’t work properly and can make your car unstable. The wheels also won’t line up properly, which can cause the brakes to fail. Also, a damaged axle can cause the brakes to become sluggish and sensitive. In addition to the obvious signs, you can also experience the sound of metal rubbing against metal.
Types of car axles
When you’re shopping for a new or used car, it’s important to know that there are different types of axles. Knowing the year, make, model, trim and body type will help you determine the type you need. For easy purchasing, you can also visit My Auto Shop and fill out the vehicle information checklist. You can also read about drivetrains and braking systems. After mastering the basic information of the vehicle, you can purchase the axle assembly.
There are 2 basic types of automotive axles: short axles and drive axles. The axle is the suspension system of the vehicle. They carry the drive torque of the engine and distribute the weight throughout the vehicle. While short shafts have the advantage of simpler maintenance, dead shafts are more difficult to repair. They’re also less flexible, which means they need to be durable enough to withstand harsh conditions.
Axles can be 1 of 3 basic types, depending on the weight and required force. Semi-floating shafts have a bearing in the sleeve. They attach to the wheel and spin to generate torque. Semi-pontoons are common in light pickup trucks and medium-duty vehicles. They are not as effective as floating axles, but still provide a solid foundation for wheel alignment. To keep the wheels aligned, these axles are an important part of the car.
The front axle is the largest of the 3 and can handle road shocks. It consists of 4 main parts: stub shaft, beam, universal pin and track rod. The front axle is also very important as it helps with steering and handling road shocks. The front axle should be strong and durable, as the front axle is most susceptible to road shocks.
Cars use 2 types of axles: live and dead. Live axles connect to the wheels and drive the vehicle. Dead axles do not drive the wheels and support the vehicle. Those with 2 wheels have live axles. Heavy trucks and trailers use 3 or more. The number of axles varies according to the weight and load of the vehicle. This will affect which type of axle you need.
life expectancy
There are a few things to keep in mind when determining the life expectancy of an automotive axle. First, you should check for any signs of wear. A common sign is rust. If your vehicle is often driven in snow and ice, you may need to replace the axle. Also, you should listen for strange sounds from the wheels, such as rhythmic thumping.
Depending on the type of axle, your car may have an average lifespan of 70,000 miles. However, if you have an older car, the CV axles probably won’t last 5 years. In this case, you may wish to postpone the inspection. This way, you can save money on repairs. However, the next step is to replace the faulty CV shaft. This process can take anywhere from 1 hour to 3 hours.
Weaker axles will eventually break. If it were weakened, it would compromise the steering suspension, putting other road users at risk. Fortunately, proper maintenance will help extend the life of your axle. Here are some tips for extending its lifespan. A good rule of thumb is to never go over speed bumps. This will cause sudden breakage, possibly resulting in a car accident. To prolong the life of your vehicle’s axles, follow these tips.
Another thing to check is the CV connector. If loose, it can cause vibration or even breakage if not controlled. Loose axles can damage the body, suspension and differential. To make matters worse, the guard on the CV joint could tear prematurely, causing the shaft to come loose. Poor CV connections can damage the differential or transmission if left unchecked. So if you want to maximize the life expectancy of your car’s axles, consider getting them serviced as soon as possible.
The cost of repairing a damaged axle
A damaged axle may need repair as it is responsible for transferring power from the engine to the wheels. A damaged axle can cause a crash or even loss of control. Repairing an axle is much simpler than dealing with an accident. However, damaged axles can cost hundreds of dollars or more. Therefore, it is important to know what to do if you suspect that your axle may have a damaged component.
When your car needs to be replaced or repaired, you should seek the help of a professional mechanic to keep your car safe. You can save a lot of money by contacting a local mechanic who will provide the parts and labor needed to repair the axle. Also, you can avoid accidents by fixing your car as soon as possible. While axles can be expensive, they can last for many years.
The cost of repairing a damaged axle depends on the amount of repairs required and the vehicle you are driving. Prices range from $300 to $1,000, depending on the car and its age. In most cases, it will cost you less than $200 if you know how to fix a damaged axle. For those without DIY auto repair experience, a new axle can cost as little as $500. A damaged axle is a dangerous part of driving.
Fortunately, there are several affordable ways to repair damaged axles. Choosing a mechanic who specializes in this type of repair is critical. They will assess the damage and decide whether to replace or repair the part. In addition to this, they will also road test your car after completing the repairs. If you are unsure about repair procedures or costs, call a mechanic.